Omer BartovKirja-arvosteluja

The author is a professor of European history at Brown. The book is a travelogue through the towns of Jewish Galicia in what is now the Western Ukraine, prompted or inspired by the author's Mother's hometown, Buchach. He shows us around these relatively impoverished small towns with the purpose of indicating what remains of the Jews who lived there, how they have been forgotten, and how the local history has been written to emphasize Ukrainian nationalism. This is, of course, what most folk-history is - ask one of my neighbors who the Lenape were, where they lived and what happened to them. That aside, I enjoyed his travelogue and pictures from my ancestors' world that has vanished.

(To summarize the "true" history - the towns were Jewish, Ukrainian and Polish. The inhabitants probably got along to some degree unless there were external destabilizing circumstances. These circumstances were common in the 19th and 20th centuries. So, when the Soviets came, the Ukrainian nationalists were tortured and killed; then the Nazis came and the Poles and Ukrainians helped them torture and kill the Jews; when the Jews were gone the Ukrainians tortured and killed the Poles; then the Soviets came back and the Ukrainians were tortured and killed again. Now they are free Ukrainians and they skip the parts where they don't look so good.)

This study shows that the Wehrmacht was systematically involved in atrocities against the civilian population on the Eastern Front. Including quotes from letters, diaries, and military reports, this book aims to challenge the notion that the German army during World War II was apolitical and to reveal how thoroughly permeated it was by Nazi ideology. Focusing on ordinary German soldiers on the Eastern front, the book shows how government propaganda and indoctrination motivated the troops not only to fight well but to commit unprecedented crimes against humanity. This institutionalized brainwashing revolved around two interrelated elements: the radical demonization of the Soviet enemy and the deification of the führer. Consequently, most of the troops believed the war in the Eastern theater was a struggle to dam the Jewish/Bolshevik/Asiatic flood that threatened Western civilization. This book demonstrates how Germany's soldiers were transformed into brutal instruments of a barbarous policy.

In Erased, Omer Bartov uncovers the rapidly disappearing vestiges of the Jews of western Ukraine, who were rounded up and murdered by the Nazis during World War II with help from the local populace. What begins as a deeply personal chronicle of the Holocaust in his mother’s hometown of Buchach — in former Eastern Galicia — carries him on a journey across the region and back through history. This poignant travelogue reveals the complete erasure of the Jews and their removal from public memory, a blatant act of forgetting done in the service of a fiercely aggressive Ukrainian nationalism.

Bartov, a leading Holocaust scholar, discovers that to make sense of the heartbreaking events of the war, he must first grapple with the complex interethnic relationships and conflicts that have existed there for centuries. Visiting twenty Ukrainian towns, he recreates the histories of the vibrant Jewish and Polish communities who once lived there-and describes what is left today following their brutal and complete destruction. Bartov encounters Jewish cemeteries turned into marketplaces, synagogues made into garbage dumps, and unmarked burial pits from the mass killings. He bears witness to the hastily erected monuments following Ukraine’s independence in 1991, memorials that glorify leaders who collaborated with the Nazis in the murder of Jews. He finds that the newly independent Ukraine-with its ethnically cleansed and deeply anti-Semitic population — has recreated its past by suppressing all memory of its victims.

Illustrated with dozens of hauntingly beautiful photographs from Bartov’s travels, Erased forces us to recognize the shocking intimacy of genocide.

Source: https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691131214/erased

Winner of the Yad Vashem International Book Book Prize for Holocaust Research

“A substantive contribution to the history of ethnic strife and extreme violence” (The Wall Street Journal) and a cautionary examination of how genocide can take root at the local level—turning neighbors, friends, and family against one another—as seen through the eastern European border town of Buczacz during World War II.

For more than four hundred years, the Eastern European border town of Buczacz—today part of Ukraine—was home to a highly diverse citizenry. It was here that Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews all lived side by side in relative harmony. Then came World War II, and three years later the entire Jewish population had been murdered by German and Ukrainian police, while Ukrainian nationalists eradicated Polish residents. In truth, though, this genocide didn’t happen so quickly.

In Anatomy of a Genocide, Omer Bartov explains that ethnic cleansing doesn’t occur as is so often portrayed in popular history, with the quick ascent of a vitriolic political leader and the unleashing of military might. It begins in seeming peace, slowly and often unnoticed, the culmination of pent-up slights and grudges and indignities. The perpetrators aren’t just sociopathic soldiers. They are neighbors and friends and family. They are also middle-aged men who come from elsewhere, often with their wives and children and parents, and settle into a life of bourgeois comfort peppered with bouts of mass murder.

For more than two decades Bartov, whose mother was raised in Buczacz, traveled extensively throughout the region, scouring archives and amassing thousands of documents rarely seen until now. He has also made use of hundreds of first-person testimonies by victims, perpetrators, collaborators, and rescuers. Anatomy of a Genocide profoundly changes our understanding of the social dynamics of mass killing and the nature of the Holocaust as a whole. Bartov’s book isn’t just an attempt to understand what happened in the past. It’s a warning of how it could happen again, in our own towns and cities—much more easily than we might think."

Mr. Bartov’s anatomy of genocidal destruction is a monument of a different sort. It is an act of filial piety recollecting the blood-soaked homeland of his parents; it is a substantive contribution to the history of ethnic strife and extreme violence; it is a harrowing reminder that brutality and intimacy can combine to destroy individual lives and reshape the destiny of a region and its peoples: history as recollection and as warning."

—Wall Street Journal

"Fascinating...This resonant and cautionary history demonstrates how the peace was incrementally disrupted, as rage accumulated and neighbors and friends felt pitted against one another."

— Los Angeles Times

"If you imagined there might be no more to learn, along comes this work of forensic, gripping, original, appalling brilliance."

— Philippe Sands, author of East West Street: On the Origins of "Genocide" and "Crimes Against Humanity"

"Combines a long historical perspective with an intimate reconstruction of who the perpetrators and victims of the Holocaust had been. A local history opening our understanding of the phenomenon at large. A brilliant book by a master historian."

— Jan T. Gross, author of Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland

"This is a gripping, challenging, and masterfully written book...Understanding the destruction of the Jews as part of genocidal perils that have not passed even today, the horrific case of Buczacz thus comes as a powerful warning against bigotry everywhere at any time."

— Tom Segev, author of The Seventh Mllion: The Israelis and the Holocaust and Simon Wiesenthal:The Life and Legends

"Omer Bartov's masterful study of Buczacz — marked by comprehensive scholarship and a compelling narrative — exemplifies the very best in current Holocaust history writing."

— Christopher R. Browning, author of Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland

"A long-awaited and essential contribution to the history of the Holocaust. This thoroughly researched and beautifully written study of the deep roots and immediate circumstances of genocide in an East Galician multiethnic town...is an exemplary microhistory of the Holocaust, a model for future research."

— Saul Friedlander, author of Nazi Germany and the Jews

"The result is breathtaking, painful and astonishing…"

— The Spectator

"Bartov’s book is a significant contribution to the holocaust literature. However, the book’s contribution is even more significant in understanding the complexity of interethnic conflicts...Anatomy of a Genocide furnishes well-lit imagination, though shaded with sadness, beneficial for the communities trapped into mutual impairment in various parts of the world, including Chechnya, Palestine, Kashmir, Burundi, and Rwanda."

— New York Journal of Books

"Fascinating...This resonant and cautionary history demonstrates how the peace was incrementally disrupted, as rage accumulated and neighbors and friends felt pitted against one another."

—National Book Review

"At once a scholarly and a personal book."

—Jerusalem Post

"Remarkable."

—The New Yorker

Source: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Anatomy-of-a-Genocide/Omer-Bartov/9781451...

Listen also:
https://soundcloud.com/watsoninstitute/the-anatomy-of-a-genocide?fbclid=IwAR01N6...

5 estante atrás

Los judíos de Galitzia fueron aniquilados dos veces: por los nazis en la vida física, y en la memoria por la Unión Soviética y la Ucrania independiente.
Ésta no es solamente una historia sobre la exhumación de cuerpos sino también sobre desenterrar un pasado de destrucción cuyo principal objetivo fue ocultar los rastros de sus crímenes y la identidad de los asesinados.

Anatomy of a Genocide: The Life and Death of a Town Called Buczacz by Omer Bartov tells of the violent history in a small Polish town during World War II, when people who lived side by side their whole lives turned on one another. Mr. Bartov is an Israeli scholars who went off to write a family history and stumbled onto something bigger.

This is the book I was waiting to read for a long time. I have had interest in World War II for many decades, I read numerous history books and works of fiction, all trying to explain human nature and the brutality which ensued, seemingly out of nowhere.
But we all know that it wasn’t out of nowhere.
And we all know that atrocities don’t just “happen”.

Mr. Bartov’s mother was raised in Buczacz (present day Ukraine), one day on offhand remark to her son raised his interest. Mr. Bartov started digging, trying to learn how his family lived and died.
Mr. Bartov failed to write a family history, but succeeded enormously in writing a fascinating and important book about the European mindset which caused the justification of genocide.

Buczacz lies in the middle of a politically charged region, due to its strategic importance. The town received its unfair attention from rival superpowers which put a microscope to the region and to the populace.

The violence against Jews did not start with the Third Reich, and sadly did not end with its demise. The district which had a population of Jews, Christians, Poles, and Ukrainians all living together relatively peacefully for centuries. Rivalries always exist where people are, Mr. Bartov analyzes those rivalries, especially those between the Poles and Ukrainian, which was made even more complicated when the Nazis invaded. The Soviets plan was to incorporate the region into the Soviet Union, something the Ukrainians embraced and the Poles rejected, the conflict which started before the First World War saw the population of the region reduced by one-third by the time 1945 came around.

So how did ordinary men and women turn on their neighbors during World War II?

As I mentioned, Anti-Semitism started much earlier, when Jews were lumped together with Russians, communists, and savage hordes. Portrayed as aliens which will not be assimilated into the society, Jews were looked upon as a subversive element. During the wars, this false rhetoric was manifested into mass murder. The Germans transformed the local Ukrainian militia into a district police force which committed dreaded atrocities at an “astonishing ease”. People killed those they personally knew, men, women, children, and friends.

This book of the mindset of mass murder and genocide is an important book which is well written and easy to read. Not only an important history book, but a cautionary tale as well.

For more reviews and bookish posts please visit: http://www.ManOfLaBook.com

Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, And War In the Third Reich
Omer Bartov

Omer's thesis is that the Wehrmacht was far from the professional, nonpolitical force it has often been portrayed to be in postwar histories. This is a thesis that has been promulgated in an increasing number of more recent histories, I came to this book prepared to believe it, and Bartov does in fact make a very strong case. Hence the title, Hitler's Army.

Bartov develops four supporting subsidiary theses. The first is that the Wehrmacht was rapidly demodernized in the brutal fighting on the Eastern Front. The "demodernization" that Bartov speaks of is the rapid loss of the technical edge of the Wehrmacht, most visible in its high tank losses but extending even to company-level equipment, which led to the bulk of the Wehrmacht fighting a trench war very much like World War I for most of the war.

Bartov's second subsidiary thesis is the destruction of the primary group. By "primary groups" he means the social structure of squads, platoons, and companies that had trained and fought together, the "band of brothers." He quotes extensively from letters and cites casualty statistics that show how incredibly bad the attrition was and how little chance there was of meaningful primary groups remaining intact or being reestablished once destroyed. He argues instead that the continuing ability of the Wehrmacht to fight so well rested on its increasing Nazification. This is in direct opposition to the school of thought, first developed by Dupuy and most clearly articulated by van Creveld, that the fighting power of the Wehrmacht was almost entirely due to its excellent unit cohesion, which was a creation of its primary groups. Bartov shows quite convincingly that the Wehrmach's institutions and policies for maintaining the primary group existed mostly on paper once the war of attrition in the East kicked in -- and it kicked it much earlier in the fighting than has been recognized. This may be because the Russians suffered much more visible attrition, deflecting attention away from just how much the Germans were hurting.

I note that Bartov seems to regard the fighting in the West as mostly a side show, largely irrelevant to really understanding the real nature of the Wehrmacht. Yeah. That sounds like cherry picking. Still, it's certainly true that most of the Wehrmacht did most of its fighting in the East and it's plausible this is where its character was mostly shaped after 1941.

Bartov's third subsidiary theme is the inversion of discipline. Germany executed far more of its own soldiers in the Second World War than in the First, but almost never for crimes against civilians or enemy combatants. The troops were kept fighting, in part, through brutal discipline towards those who showed cowardice or disobeyed orders -- but, at the same time, crimes against civilians or enemy prisoners were ignored or even encouraged. Bartov argues that the combination had the effect of maintaining fighting strength by making the entire Wehrmacht guilty together; losing the war was unthinkable because of the retribution every soldier knew was likely to follow.

Bartov's fourth and final thesis was that the soldiers of the Wehrmacht were indoctrinated with a world view that had strong religious overtones and which was actually the inverse of reality. He seeks to demonstrate that, the worse the Nazi crimes became, the more the soldiers blamed their own crimes on their victims -- a particularly powerful example of projection. He demonstrates that even opponents of the regime at the time, and German historians decades later, subconsciously lapse into Nazi ideological language in their letters and other writings. This was probably the weakest part of the book, and it's no surprise that this is also the part where Bartov's own political agenda peeks out. Bartov tells us, in effect, that Germans and non-Germans who argue that the postwar German army was important as a bulwark against Communism are just a bunch of neo-Nazis. He is clearly unsympathetic to a reunited Germany (this book was published in 1992) and I have to admit that this made me a bit unsympathetic to Bartov.

Nevertheless, the book is worth reading, and most of the theses stand up. Thumbs up.

I guess this is one of those cases where a groundbreaking work gets left behind by the further historiography it helped to spawn.½

An important compilation of some interesting academic work on the Holocaust. Essential for me as a History teacher- could be a bit too in depth for the average reader, but if you have ever wondered how the Holocasut could have happened and why - this book will help you answer these questions.

Zu subjektiv geschrieben. Nicht zu empfehlen.

A haunting, disturbing look at the origins of genocide, with the Holocaust as the focal point.

Bartov contends that the Holocaust is the central theme of the 20th century. That may be a bit of an overstatement.

Bartov also allows his politics to enter.

This is a well written book. It is disturbing and haunting. Certainly not a leisure read.