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Standards and Their Stories: How Quantifying, Classifying, and Formalizing Practices Shape Everyday Life

Tekijä: Martha Lampland

JäseniäKirja-arvostelujaSuosituimmuussijaKeskimääräinen arvioKeskustelut
541475,696 (4)-
Standardization is one of the defining aspects of modern life, its presence so pervasive that it is usually taken for granted. However cumbersome, onerous, or simply puzzling certain standards may be, their fundamental purpose in streamlining procedures, regulating behaviors, and predicting results is rarely questioned. Indeed, the invisibility of infrastructure and the imperative of standardizing processes signify their absolute necessity. Increasingly, however, social scientists are beginning to examine the origins and effects of the standards that underpin the technology and practices of everyday life.Standards and Their Stories explores how we interact with the network of standards that shape our lives in ways both obvious and invisible. The main chapters analyze standardization in biomedical research, government bureaucracies, the insurance industry, labor markets, and computer technology, providing detailed accounts of the invention of "standard humans" for medical testing and life insurance actuarial tables, the imposition of chronological age as a biographical determinant, the accepted means of determining labor productivity, the creation of international standards for the preservation and access of metadata, and the global consequences of "ASCII imperialism" and the use of English as the lingua franca of the Internet.Accompanying these in-depth critiques are a series of examples that depict an almost infinite variety of standards, from the controversies surrounding the European Union's supposed regulation of banana curvature to the minimum health requirements for immigrants at Ellis Island, conflicting (and ever-increasing) food portion sizes, and the impact of standardized punishment metrics like "Three Strikes" laws. The volume begins with a pioneering essay from Susan Leigh Star and Martha Lampland on the nature of standards in everyday life that brings together strands from the several fields represented in the book. In an appendix, the editors provide a guide for teaching courses in this emerging interdisciplinary field, which they term "infrastructure studies," making Standards and Their Stories ideal for scholars, students, and those curious about why coffins are becoming wider, for instance, or why the Financial Accounting Standards Board refused to classify September 11 as an "extraordinary" event.… (lisätietoja)
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I was really disappointed by this book. I expected it to be different than it was, plus I think it has some significant weaknesses. I thought it would be more about industry standards and how they worked with technology; I guess because that's what I wanted it to be about. But it is much more general than that, and is really about standardization. Some is interesting, there is a chapter about how chronological age became the dominant way we identify age, and the role of old-age pensions in making age so critical; and there is a chapter about standard physical types for medical experiments; that there was a notion that white men were the standard and now instead of having no standard we have a set of standards for white men, white women, etc. without taking into account (often) the differences within the groups. But some of the other chapters were, I feel, less interesting & didn't have much original content. In addition, the presentation is very academic, with a lot of words spent setting up the story & summarizing the story. The introduction did all that once, so why did each chapter have to do it again? I identified 2 other problems I have with this book: first, while it has a pub date of 2009, many of the citations are from the late 90's or early 00's; I know some of these are just older key works but I got the impression that several of the articles were several years old. And second, there is the nice feature of having shorter newsy articles in the book as well, illustrating the stories being told, but they are not well-chosen and the relevance was not at all clear to me.
1 ääni franoscar | Aug 17, 2009 |
ei arvosteluja | lisää arvostelu
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Englanninkielinen Wikipedia

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Standardization is one of the defining aspects of modern life, its presence so pervasive that it is usually taken for granted. However cumbersome, onerous, or simply puzzling certain standards may be, their fundamental purpose in streamlining procedures, regulating behaviors, and predicting results is rarely questioned. Indeed, the invisibility of infrastructure and the imperative of standardizing processes signify their absolute necessity. Increasingly, however, social scientists are beginning to examine the origins and effects of the standards that underpin the technology and practices of everyday life.Standards and Their Stories explores how we interact with the network of standards that shape our lives in ways both obvious and invisible. The main chapters analyze standardization in biomedical research, government bureaucracies, the insurance industry, labor markets, and computer technology, providing detailed accounts of the invention of "standard humans" for medical testing and life insurance actuarial tables, the imposition of chronological age as a biographical determinant, the accepted means of determining labor productivity, the creation of international standards for the preservation and access of metadata, and the global consequences of "ASCII imperialism" and the use of English as the lingua franca of the Internet.Accompanying these in-depth critiques are a series of examples that depict an almost infinite variety of standards, from the controversies surrounding the European Union's supposed regulation of banana curvature to the minimum health requirements for immigrants at Ellis Island, conflicting (and ever-increasing) food portion sizes, and the impact of standardized punishment metrics like "Three Strikes" laws. The volume begins with a pioneering essay from Susan Leigh Star and Martha Lampland on the nature of standards in everyday life that brings together strands from the several fields represented in the book. In an appendix, the editors provide a guide for teaching courses in this emerging interdisciplinary field, which they term "infrastructure studies," making Standards and Their Stories ideal for scholars, students, and those curious about why coffins are becoming wider, for instance, or why the Financial Accounting Standards Board refused to classify September 11 as an "extraordinary" event.

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