Al-Maqr♯±z♯±'s (d. 845/1442) last work, al-H ʼabar an al-ba¿Łar , was completed a year before his death. This volume, edited by Jaakko H©Þmeen-Anttila, covers the history of pre-Islamic Iran from the Creation to the Parthians. Al-Maqr♯±z♯±'s work shows how Arab historians integrated Iran into world history and how they harmonized various currents of historiography (Middle Persian historiography, Islamic sacred history, Greek and Latin historiography). Among al-H ʼabar' s sources is Kit♯b Hur¿±¿Łiy¿±¿Ł , the Arabic translation of Paulus Orosius' Historiarum adversum paganos libri vii. This source has only been preserved in one defective copy, and al-Maqr♯±z♯±'s text helps to fill in some of its lacunae.