Tämä sivusto käyttää evästeitä palvelujen toimittamiseen, toiminnan parantamiseen, analytiikkaan ja (jos et ole kirjautunut sisään) mainostamiseen. Käyttämällä LibraryThingiä ilmaiset, että olet lukenut ja ymmärtänyt käyttöehdot ja yksityisyydensuojakäytännöt. Sivujen ja palveluiden käytön tulee olla näiden ehtojen ja käytäntöjen mukaista.
The first book to explore the historical role and residual impact of the Green Book, a travel guide for black motorists. Published from 1936 to 1966, the Green Book was hailed as the "black travel guide to America." At that time, it was very dangerous and difficult for African-Americans to travel because black travelers couldn't eat, sleep, or buy gas at most white-owned businesses. The Green Book listed hotels, restaurants, gas stations, and other businesses that were safe for black travelers. It was a resourceful and innovative solution to a horrific problem. It took courage to be listed in the Green Book, and 'Overground Railroad' celebrates the stories of those who put their names in the book and stood up against segregation. It shows the history of the Green Book, how we arrived at our present historical moment, and how far we still have to go when it comes to race relations in America.… (lisätietoja)
There are things we don't know, but can learn. Just as there are things we can learn, but never really know. This book travels a familiar road unrecognizable to many of us. Fascinating, heart-breaking, disturbing and hopeful. Not an academic volume, but full of revelation. ( )
I thought I knew the story of the Green Book, but from the beginning I knew I did not know that much. It never occurred to me why Blacks in the 1930’and 1940’s chose to drive at night. Nor did I know how the automobile industry helped Blacks find work. Taylor’s trip across America to find the ruminates of what was presented in the Green book was heartbreaking in the discovery than less than 5% of the businesses are still in operation. I listened to the audiobook, which was good, but because of the accompanying photographs and drawings, I would prefer this book in print. I do not even recommend Kindle. ( )
WOW! The power of sharing personal true stories rings through time and time again with Taylor’s tribute to the Green Book and those Black individuals, couples, and families who traveled the “Overground Railroad” - powerful primary source documents and photographs are juxtaposed amid poignant prose.
“I don’t care if you’re the pope or the president...You have to eat. And I can cook for you...If I can get the people on both sides [of the political spectrum] to just sit down at my table, I think we can work this out.” Leah Chase, owner & chef, Dookey Chase’s, New Orleans, Louisiana
My next read in relation to this book will be Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow, which has been on my TBR list. ( )
This is a handsome book and kudos to the design team which produced this book. Segregation meant that a guide was necessary beyond word of mouth where African Americans would be welcome: not only lodging and restaurants, but gas stations and drug stores. Not only auto travel is covered but also travel by train, which had its own rules on segregation. Blacks were not fond of Route 66 as there was no list of sundown towns and distances between potential stopping places were long. The Green Book was published from 1936 to 1966. ( )
There is much to appreciate in this book, but frankly, it's a bit of a mess. It's not a professionally written history book. In the end, I wasn't sure if the project of documenting The Green Book prompted the author's diversion of focus away from it, or if it was the other way around, the project was used as a structure to get at the issues she really wanted to talk about all along. What did I appreciate? Certainly, reading about a number of "facilities" from the not so distant past that provided comfort and safety to those of America who had no expectation of getting what all Americans should be able to get regardless of their race. This book certainly gives much depth to what a white reader, and maybe even some younger black readers, might have first been introduced to in the recent movie, Green Book. A dimension of the social dynamics that even made The Green Book necessary in the first place were the "sundown towns" in which blacks were banned from being in for any reason after sundown. Not just on the other side of the tracks, so to speak, but not in town at all. This book makes it perfectly clear this was not an issue only in Southern states, as the movie mentioned earlier might suggest. It's in a chapter about Route 66, the notable U.S. highway where it became crystal clear to me how much my own connection to past racist towns was so obvious. To start, my younger brother was born in a former sundown town in Illinois. My older brother went to college in a different town where barbershops had been segregated. My wife was born in another town where the Klu Klux Klan had held cross-burning rallies in a popular tourist location, and a cousin lives in a former sundown town in California. None of these places were in former Confederate states. My, my, weren't we white folks wide spread in our American racism? On the negative side, there are a number of little things -- which I will not itemize here -- that show a lack of professionalism in producing this book, but the one that really floored me was the author's error on knowing when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated and when Richard Nixon took office as U.S. president. I mean google it, why not, even if you weren't alive yet, like I was. Ultimately, that leads me to the final impression I ended up with, that the author approaches the information she has on issues very much like too many people on social media do, i.e. not knowing what they don't know, but assuming they know all that is needed to be known. ( )
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta.Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
For Ron, Mom, Aimee, Adger, Sophie, and Chris
Ensimmäiset sanat
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta.Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
Introduction: "Don't you dare say a word."
Chapter One: As Ron hurried down the plush carpeted stairs on his way to the garage, carrying a stack of Screamin' Jay Hawkins and Howlin' Wolf CDs, he said, "Okay. I'm ready to roll!" I stared at him and shook my head. "It's after ten o'clock. Why can't you drive during the day, like a normal person?" His answer was always the same. "Traffic."
Sitaatit
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta.Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
After scouting more than 3,600 Green Book sites, I realized that most of my well-meaning liberal friends in the coastal cities had never seen the poverty that millions of Americans are living in. By the time I got to Detroit, after leaving Los Angeles and driving across the country, I was in tears.
The sites that are still with us symbolize survival: They endured the times the pendulum swung forward and a wrecking ball swung back. These businesses survived urban renewal, gentrification, and white supremacist policies. And the people in these communities survived underfunded schools and overfunded prisons. All of this cemented my faith that we would survive Trump.
Driving too slowly, however, could also attract attention, so to avoid getting pulled over, most black men at the time learned to drive a mile or two under the speed limit. A slower car in front could pose yet another problem for black motorists in Jim Crow states, where it was illegal for a black driver to pass a white driver.
Black Americans who went to mainstream banks for auto financing were generally denied loans, but even after World War II, the roughly 3 percent of black men who received bank credit were often charged higher interest rates than white customers. Moreover, black men living in the South needed a white man to cosign for a loan. (Women of any race were denied credit without a male cosigner until well into the 1970s.)
In 1930, a few years before Cadillac opened its showroom doors to African Americans, journalist George Schuyler addressed this issue, saying that “Blacks who drove expensive cars offended white sensibilities, and some blacks kept to older models so as not to give the dangerous impression of being above themselves.”
The exclusion of black people from golf courses as anything but caddies was commonplace, but in 1943 it was written directly into the Professional Golfers Association (PGA) bylaws that only “members of the Caucasian race” were allowed to join. (The clause was finally removed in 1961.)
George Grant, an African American dentist, made the most significant contribution when he designed the first golf tee, in 1899.
Twenty-three years after Grant invented his wooden golf tee, Joseph Bartholomew, a native of New Orleans and a self-taught golfer, became the first African American to design a public golf course.... As a black man, he was forbidden from playing on this course or any of the several he designed in New Orleans and across the state of Louisiana.
Presenting the illusion of access and then going to great lengths to employ a hidden, covert system to deny it constitutes an even more insidious racism, and one much harder to fight. For this and so many other reasons, the automobile was powerful for black physical and social mobility.
It’s likely that Esso’s benevolence for black people had been inspired by Laura Spelman Rockefeller, the wife of John D. Rockefeller, Esso’s CEO. Spelman Rockefeller, who was white, had been raised in Cleveland, Ohio, in a house that was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Her parents, Harvey Buell Spelman and Lucy Henry Spelman, had been fearless and powerful abolitionists.
...in the conundrum of segregation being both a blessing and a curse, black-owned businesses especially benefited, largely because in many cases, black people were denied services and shut out of white America.
In 1917, Senator James K. Vardaman of Mississippi stated on the Senate floor that allowing black men to serve in the armed forces was a mistake that would “inevitably lead to disaster,” because once you “impress the Negro with the fact that he is defending the flag” and “inflate his untutored soul with military airs,” he would demand that “his political rights must be respected.”
Rockefeller (the CEO of Esso) was the chairman of the advisory committee at the United Negro College Fund, which he founded in 1944.
Today, many of the homes that were bought with the help of the GI Bill are worth ten times their purchase price and have provided financial security, retirement, and college tuition for three generations of the same family. Black GIs being denied access to this entitlement program is partially why today the average white American family has nearly ten times the net worth of the average black American family.
Route 66 tourist shops sell hundreds of products featuring Elvis, Marilyn Monroe, James Dean, and Betty Boop, all in an effort to recapture a time that didn’t exist for black travelers, and only rarely for whites. The American ideals associated with Route 66, then and now, have usurped the true narrative, erasing the more harrowing aspects of the road’s past. Today, the Route 66 brand is so weighted with nostalgia that parts of the fabled highway are suffocating under an idealized past that never was.
The freeway system was tied into “urban renewal” projects that spanned America, which not only took tourism away from Route 66 towns but also decimated black communities. Urban renewal’s effect on black neighborhoods was even more destructive, as many of the new freeways bisected more black communities than white.
Freeways created physical and psychological barriers, dividing a nation that was already struggling to find common ground. And although this was a time when the country thought it was moving forward, the pendulum was actually swinging backward—and this time, when it did, it literally became a wrecking ball.
In the wake of the Civil Rights Act, white business owners found that desegregation increased profits by broadening their customer base, and it gave some of them the courage they had needed to do the right thing.
Once black people could venture into new areas, they did. However, as more black travelers patronized white businesses, black business owners lost the support they had relied on, and many struggled to keep their businesses open. It was a no-win situation.
In less than a decade after the passage of the Civil Rights Act, at least half of the Green Book black-owned businesses were closed, either through lack of support or through eminent domain, which allowed federal, state, and city governments to take over the land to expand freeway systems and for urban renewal projects.
In many respects, Nixon’s “war on drugs” essentially became a war on black communities, the places where Green Book sites once thrived. Apparently, Nixon’s plan worked. Just one decade after the Green Book ceased publication, the number of Americans incarcerated had doubled. And today it has skyrocketed to 700 percent of what it was in the 1960s.
Nearly every U.S. president since Nixon designed his own “get tough on crime” initiative, but it was President Bill Clinton’s 1994 Crime Bill that was the worst. Among other outrageous provisions, it eliminated higher education for inmates, authorized the use of boot camps for delinquent minors, and allocated money for new prisons, contributing to the prison-industrial complex we know today.
Clinton’s Crime Bill kicked the pendulum of justice further back than any failed policies that attempted to address racial equality since the passage of the Civil Rights Act. Once we locked up nearly a third of our black men, families dissolved, more black-owned businesses closed, and schools in black neighborhoods started to look more like jails. And once black men were released from jail, they couldn’t go back to their homes because it would be a violation of their parole; those who did go home put the whole family at risk for eviction. Only two years after the Crime Bill was signed, seventeen billion dollars that had been allocated for public housing was being used to build new prisons.
...“prison gerrymandering” pulls black people out of their communities and places them, at least in the census, into nearly all-white communities. Once these black inmates are counted as residents, the rise in population gives these towns more legislative power in Washington, while simultaneously disempowering the black communities the inmates left when they were incarcerated.
Viimeiset sanat
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta.Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
Chapter 11: All black Americans wanted was the ability to walk, run, drive, shop, and live freely outside their neighborhoods, just like white people. After the Hampton House became another casualty to integration, community activist Georgia Ayers summed it up: "We got what we wanted, but lost what we had."
The first book to explore the historical role and residual impact of the Green Book, a travel guide for black motorists. Published from 1936 to 1966, the Green Book was hailed as the "black travel guide to America." At that time, it was very dangerous and difficult for African-Americans to travel because black travelers couldn't eat, sleep, or buy gas at most white-owned businesses. The Green Book listed hotels, restaurants, gas stations, and other businesses that were safe for black travelers. It was a resourceful and innovative solution to a horrific problem. It took courage to be listed in the Green Book, and 'Overground Railroad' celebrates the stories of those who put their names in the book and stood up against segregation. It shows the history of the Green Book, how we arrived at our present historical moment, and how far we still have to go when it comes to race relations in America.