Having come across Jack Parsons several years ago, I have wanted to read about him in more depth for some time. So, recently I purchased both 1999's Sex and Rockets: The Occult World of Jack Parsons by John Carter and 2005's Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons by George Pendle. I then read them back-to-back, starting with Pendle's and finishing with Carter's. It's instructive to read multiple biographies of a subject, not only to compare the bios, but compare the interpretation of the subject.

Pendle's Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons is the superior of the two biographies. Pendle's writing is tight and focused, with no chronological jumping back and forth. He deftly introduces background material (on California, rocketry, CalTech, Crowley, and the like) into the text. He did his research capably and thoroughly. Where Carter often wonders and says "perhaps" and "maybe," Pendle definitively proves and states authoritatively.

Pendle tells a good tale, explaining Parson's psychology, education, rocketry, friendships, loves, lusts, science fiction fandom, magick, and life. Parson's life was interesting and in ways he was important and accomplished; in other ways he was a naïve, hedonistic failure. He could have done so much more if he had discipline and ethics.

Oh, and L. Ron Hubbard makes an appearance. Look it up.

Pendle has some nice images, but there could have and should have been many more. There are citations, he did his research, but I didn't think a citation format could get worse than the new-fangled "page number-quote snippet-source citation" style. Here there is just a "quote snippet-source citation." At least they're separated by chapter, otherwise, without page numbers, there is no real way to find a citation other than brute force reading the whole chapter's list of citations. It's stupid. No separate bibliography.

Buy Pendle's book first, it's definitive, and only buy Carter's if you are a completist or like reading loads of thelemic magickal doggerel. ( )

A Stranger Angel than Fiction
Review of the Audible Audio edition (2019) of the original Harcourt hardcover "Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons" (2005)

I normally give things related to the occult a miss, but when Strange Angel came up as an Audible Daily Deal on Oct. 7, 2019, I couldn't resist giving it a tryout and was not disappointed. This life story not only covers the beginnings of the American rocketry program (with a group of sometimes hapless amateurs who called themselves the Suicide Squad) and the American branch of Aleister Crowley's magick worshippers but has some fascinating cameos by later famous science fiction writers. Everyone from Ray Bradbury to Robert A. Heinlein to L. Sprague de Camp put in an appearance. The notorious science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard plays an especially prominent role in these early years before he founded Scientology, but he was already scamming people even then, especially his supposed friend John Parsons. You can well understand how they could turn this into an ongoing television series which is also the reason for this new tie-in edition release. ( )

Strange Angel is the second full-length biography of Jack Parsons I have read. The first, Sex and Rockets, was a book about an occultist who happened to be a rocket scientist. George Pendle's "angel" is instead a rocket scientist who happens to be an occultist. To be fair, both accounts discuss the congruence of Parsons's various passions, rooted in a lust for exploration and experiment. But Sex and Rockets is looking to be shelved with occultism, and Strange Angel with history of science.

Author Pendle is clearly no occultist himself, and he occasionally errs in attributing idiosyncrasy to Parsons in his embrace of received Thelemic doctrines, which is not to say that Parsons wasn't idiosyncratic. But Pendle's treatment of religious organizing by the followers of Aleister Crowley is on the whole fair and accurate, and benefits from consulting key repositories of primary sources, including O.T.O. (i.e. the Crowley estate, a continuing religious body). In no way does he marginalize Parsons's occult activities within the general scope of the biography. Perhaps the most vivid anecdote of the whole book is Parsons declaiming Crowley's "Hymn to Pan" at Aerojet social functions, urged on by his boss Andrew Haley.

But, as I observed at the outset, Strange Angel is really about the science, chiefly the inception of practical rocket science in the US during the 1930s and 40s. Pendle gives an exciting and detailed narrative of the Pasadena rocketry crew (the "Suicide Squad"), the GALCIT rocketry project at Caltech, the founding of Jet Propulsion Laboratories and Aerojet Corporation, and the effects of war and commerce on the progress of rocketry from science-fiction pipe dream to common technology. I had never really paused to consider it before, but it turns out that the word "jet" is nothing more than a euphemism for the word "rocket." Scientific consensus was hardened against the idea of using rockets in transport, and Frank Malina and Theodore von Kármán hit on the idea of coining a new word to smuggle the technology into practicable research (157).

Another valuable feature of the book, and one which attracted me to it, is the responsible way that it details the intersection of technological experiment and science fiction, within the frontier field of rocketry. Pendle describes a variety of fascinating milieus and their development: the scientific scenes mentioned above, the Los Angeles Science Fiction Society and early SF fandom, Agape Lodge O.T.O., and the "Parsonage" at 1003 Orange Grove that Parsons established to be an O.T.O. Profess House, but which evolved on its own bohemian trajectory.

The first chapter of the book details Parsons's untimely death in the explosion of his home laboratory in Pasadena, starting with the phenomenon of the explosion itself as it would have been perceived in the moment by locals. After returning Parsons to childhood and working through a full biography, Pendle's account strongly supports the most pedestrian explanation of the tragedy: it was an accident due to haste and awkward circumstance.

Parsons was a notable figure who has been unduly neglected, as Pendle observes. So there's no reason to consider this biography the final word on this fascinating man, but it is a significant contribution and a pleasure to read.

Wow. I thought I was weird. John Whiteside Parsons was simultaneously:

* A pioneering rocket scientist, who testified at a trial as an expert witness on explosives at age 23; invented JATO units and castable solid rocket fuel; was one of the founders of both Aerojet General Corporation and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; and has a crater on the moon named for him;


* High priest of Ordo Temple Orientalis, the organization founded by Alistair Crowley, where he engaged in copious amounts of sex, alcohol, drugs, and magic (if rock-and-roll had been invented, I’m sure Parsons would have done that, too, but as it was he was a fan of classical music). The sex included essentially trading his first wife to another man so he could take up with her 16-year-old stepsister; losing this second girl to none other than L. Ron Hubbard; and “summoning” a third female companion by an elaborate ritual including hours of standing in a pentagram chanting in Enochian and engaging in “focused masturbation”. (If only I had known about Enochian and pentagrams when I was a teenager; I was so close). Drugs apparently included peyote, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, amphetamines, and whatever else accomplished chemist Parsons could cook up.


* An early member of the Los Angeles Science Fiction Society, where he hobnobbed with Ray Bradbury, Forest Ackerman, Jack Williamson, Anthony Boucher, L. Sprague DeCamp, Robert Heinlein, and the previously mentioned L. Ron Hubbard. Parsons’ didn’t write any science fiction himself; his literary output included a number of not terribly good poems and Crowleyesque tracts, but he appears as a character in some of the other author’s works, including Boucher’s Rocket to the Morgue and De Camp’s A Gun for Dinosaur.


And he was dead at age 37, in an apparent accident involving a batch of mercury fulminate he was preparing in his laundry room. (One of his O.T.O. associates suggested the actual cause was a fire elemental Parsons had summoned and failed to control).


Author George Pendle does a pretty good job. Naturally, the sex and magic makes up most of the story, since that’s what sells books, but Pendle does a pretty decent job of explaining the science and engineering. I didn’t realize that JATO units, Aerojet, and JPL all had “jet” rather than “rocket” in their names because the military considered rockets to be “Buck Rogers stuff”; Pendle quotes the famous New York Times editorial in which Robert Goddard is dissed because he didn’t realize (according to the editorial writer) that a “rocket wouldn’t work in a vacuum because it would have nothing to push against”. I also found out about the history of JATO. Parson’s original JATO units were black powder rockets, with the powder compressed into the rocket casing with a hydraulic ram; trials showed that these worked if freshly prepared but exploded if they were allowed to sit overnight. Parsons found that the mix was sensitive to temperature change, and if the charge shrank enough to crack or move away from the chamber walls the surface area would increase and the rocket would explode. His insight came while watching a street paving crew; he made a mix of potassium perchlorate and asphalt that could be poured directly into the rocket chamber when hot and which was flexible enough when cool to avoid cracking or detachment.


After the heady excitement of the early days of rocketry, Parson’s life fell apart. He never had a college degree (he was allowed to work at CalTech on the sufferance of Theodore von Kármán, who was apparently a quarter bubble off level himself but much more disciplined); he was forced to sell out of AeroJet General for $11K (a heady sum for the 1940s but still much less than he would have realized if he had hung on to his stock for a few more years) because the military and FBI became suspicious of his OTO activity; the O.T.O itself fell apart (the organization still exists but the particular chapter Parsons was associated with dissolved); his “summoned” girlfriend left him for an artist; L. Ron Hubbard conned him out of his life savings (note that Hubbard had previously conned him out of another girlfriend); and he lost his security clearance. He was reduced to doing special effects for film companies; that’s apparently what led to his demise. He had been renting some warehouse space for a lab but was evicted and had to hastily move all his chemicals and equipment to his home. When he got a contact to make some “squibs” (small charges that could be detonated to simulate bullets striking) he seemingly couldn’t find proper glassware to make mercury fulminate and was mixing the batch in a coffee can. He survived the explosion but lost his right arm and the right side of his face, and was unable to speak or explain before dying a few hours later.


Recommended for both the history and the astonishment value. It is perhaps appropriate that the lunar crater “Parsons” is on the far side. ( )

Fascinating and ultimately rather sad. ( )