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The Bones of Berdichev: The Life and Fate of Vasily Grossman (1996)

Tekijä: John Gordon Garrard, Carol Garrard

JäseniäKirja-arvostelujaSuosituimmuussijaKeskimääräinen arvioMaininnat
842318,069 (4.08)2
"A definitive treatment of one of the Soviet Union's most significant writers."--The Russian Review   Vasily Grossman (1905-64), one of the greatest authors of the twentieth century, served for over 1,000 days with the Red Army as a war correspondent on the Eastern front. He was present during the street-fighting at Stalingrad, and his 1944 report "The Hell of Treblinka," was the first eyewitness account of a Nazi death camp. Though he finished the war as a decorated lieutenant colonel, his epic account of the battle of Stalingrad, Life and Fate, was suppressed by Soviet authorities, and never published in his lifetime. Declared a non-person, Grossman died in obscurity. Only in 1980, with the posthumous publication in Switzerland of Life and Fate was his remarkable novel to gain an international reputation.   This meticulously researched biography by John and Carol Garrard uses archival and unpublished sources that only became available after the collapse of the Soviet Union. A gripping narrative.   "Fascinating . . . gives the reader a very clear insight into the horrors of the War on the Eastern Front . . . For anyone interested either in WWII or Soviet Communism, this book is a must."--R.J. (Dick) Lloyd, author of Three Glorious Years   "Grossman is a sufficiently important Soviet cultural figure to deserve a biography, and through his the Garrards say a good deal about cultural politics, internal repression, and antisemitism in the Soviet Union."--Foreign Affairs… (lisätietoja)
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This is a magnificently well researched biography of the great Soviet Jewish author and journalist, best known for his masterpiece of the war on the Eastern Front and the Holocaust, Life and Fate, unpublished in his lifetime, but finally published in his home country during the glasnost era in 1988, nearly a quarter of a century after his death; and for his war reportage directly from the front line of the Battle of Stalingrad. The biography traces his life from his relatively privileged beginnings in a middle class Jewish family in Berdichev in Ukraine before the 1917 Revolution, his days as a chemistry student, then his decision to throw that up to become a writer, his first published piece being about his hometown in 1929. He published short stories, articles and a couple of novels before the war, but it was during that titanic conflict that he became well known, being, in modern parlance, embedded with the Red Army fighting in Stalingrad. There he saw for himself at first hand the heroism of ordinary soldiers, but also the consequences of foolish and even criminal political decisions that cost hundreds of thousands of soldiers' lives, for example through Stalin's order that no army should ever retreat, even when it made logistical sense to do so, thus allow 1 million soldiers to be encircled at Kiev for example, who were then either killed or taken captive. When the tide of war had turned, he was also with the Red Army on their march towards Berlin, seeing for himself the devastation and effects of the Holocaust at Treblinka (his article "The Hell of Treblinka" was used as evidence at the Nuremburg trials), and in particular the mass murder of almost all the Jewish population of Berdichev, including his own mother, in September 1941. He exposed the shocking collaboration between the Nazis and many of the Jewish people's own Ukrainian neighbours, exploiting the centuries old anti-Semitism in eastern Europe, and taking advantage of Ukrainian rage against the Soviet authorities due to the Terror Famine of a decade earlier.

The post war years are, in the main, his struggle with the Soviet literary bureaucracy to get his works published, even in censured form to remove aspects too sensitive to be written about, such as: Russian and Ukrainian anti-Semitism; the specific Jewish nature of the Holocaust (Jewish victims were routinely described simply as "peaceful Soviet citizens", thus removing the racial dimension from their extermination); the criminal waste of Red Army lives due to poor political and military strategy and decision-making; and his growing realisation that Nazi Germany and the Soviet system were mirror images of each other in many ways, a theme most starkly explored in his final work, Everything Flows. After his comparatively early death of stomach cancer in 1964, he was virtually forgotten both in his home country and abroad for over 20 years, though punctuated by the publication abroad of Everything Flows and Life and Fate from smuggled out manuscripts. Only in the last days of the Soviet Union were his works published there and he belatedly received the recognition he deserved. The authors interviewed his surviving second wife and stepson and others in the early 1990s to supplement their research, making this a very rounded account of the life and work of this man who viewed himself not as distinctively Russian or Jewish, but as a product of Russian and European humanism. He was a man who "considered extreme nationalism and ethnic violence the most tragic aspects of human history, and particularly of twentieth century history because they could now be implemented with the power of modern technology. He saw no point in fighting to assert one's national origin and to destroy other nationalities, but he treasured the individual, nurtured by a specific national culture". This is a great read for anyone interested in Russian or European literature and history, or in the central ideological fault lines in the twentieth century world. ( )
  john257hopper | Jun 7, 2020 |
This book is the second edition of "Bones of Berdichev: The Life and Fate of Vasily Grossman." Although much of Grossman's life and thoughts we will never know with precise detail, the authors were able to assemble an impressive amount of information about the country Grossman grew up in and his contributions to literature and history. In many ways, "The Life and Fate of Vasily Grossman" is not only a biography of Grossman but also a history of Berdichev, the city he grew up in, the Soviet Union, anti-Semitism and the Holocaust, as well as the Eastern Front of the Second World War. The authors have gathered a large amount of information to help those unfamiliar with the aforementioned events contextualize what they're reading. Thus, after the introductory chapters, the first chapter discusses the emerging Holocaust and the fate of the Jews of Berdichev, while the second switches time periods and focuses on the history of anti-Semitism in Russia and the place Berdichev occupied in the greater Russian Empire. Only after those initial chapters is Grossman's family and Grossman himself introduced and described in minute detail.

There is no doubt that Grossman, among many Soviet authors, suffered for his work. Today he is one of the best known, although this has been a recent revelation for the west. His major work, "Life and Fate," is considered the "War and Peace" of the Eastern Front (although I'm sure some would disagree). Those in charge of censorship, including his fellow authors, warned him that such a novel could not be published for 250 years - and some assert that the damage "Life and Fate" could have done would have been worse than what the publication of "Dr. Zhivago" unleashed abroad. Throughout the war Grossman served as a frontline correspondent for "Red Star," the military newspaper, and was one of the most popular journalists (similar to Simonov and Ehrenburg). Unfortunately, the popularity and fame that Ehrenburg and Simonov achieved was denied Grossman. A few of his books and stories were published but were soon forgotten as the post-war period began and Stalin moved the country toward a mythical memory of the war instead of the unvarnished truth that most authors knew could not be mentioned. But Grossman seems to have wanted to remain true to his reader, himself, and his mother whom he lost during the Holocaust. For all his faults in the pre-war period, including the fact that he had a chance to get his mother out of Berdichev when the war began but never did, he seems to have wanted to repent for his actions with future deeds. Unfortunately, his popularity waned when only a few of his pieces were published and soon he seemed to be forgotten altogether as no new editions of his previous work appeared.

Only when his manuscripts ("Forever Flowing", his final book, and "Life and Fate") made it to the west and were published was he recalled in the Soviet Union's collective memory of the war. His comparisons between the Soviet Union and that of Nazi Germany spoke to those who suffered during Stalin's reign and under the German occupation. The famine in Ukraine, the innocent victims of the purges, Soviet collaboration during the war, as well as the fate of Soviet prisoners of war and the evolution of the Holocaust were all discussed and dissected, from one degree to another, in Grossman's publications and helped reignite a discourse on the Soviet past that Khrushchev began with his Secret Speech but that he soon strangled due to his own complicity in Stalin's crimes. That today Grossman's books have been published in new editions and voraciously devoured by the west is a testament to his insights and talent. For those interested in understanding the world he grew up in, survived, and tried to portray for his readers, this is a must read. The only minor problem I had with the biography was the dated historical analysis (much of the military history is based on a few select sources, one of which is quite dated (Clark's "Barbarossa")). Additionally, the authors don't correctly portray order 227, issued on the eve of the Battle of Stalingrad, which forbid unauthorized retreats, not retreats in general. Additionally, on more than one occasion the authors refer to Gurtiev's division in Stalingrad as a 'punishment division', but no such divisions existed. While it might have contained penal formations, there were no formations of penal units above that of company and battalion. Finally, there are also a few myths and generalizations, like the defense of Moscow in 1941 being assured by the release of some 40 divisions from the Far East (Siberia), when in fact divisions were moved to help defend Moscow from all over the Soviet Union and those from the Far East were on the move as early as July of 1941. So one will have to take the historical narrative of the Eastern Front that's presented here with a grain of salt. Otherwise, a highly recommended biography of a talented and in some ways tragic figure. ( )
  Kunikov | Dec 9, 2012 |
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» Lisää muita tekijöitä

Tekijän nimiRooliTekijän tyyppiKoskeeko teosta?Tila
Garrard, John Gordonensisijainen tekijäkaikki painoksetvahvistettu
Garrard, Carolpäätekijäkaikki painoksetvahvistettu
Sinun täytyy kirjautua sisään voidaksesi muokata Yhteistä tietoa
Katso lisäohjeita Common Knowledge -sivuilta (englanniksi).
Teoksen kanoninen nimi
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta. Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
Alkuteoksen nimi
Teoksen muut nimet
Alkuperäinen julkaisuvuosi
Henkilöt/hahmot
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta. Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
Tärkeät paikat
Tärkeät tapahtumat
Kirjaan liittyvät elokuvat
Epigrafi (motto tai mietelause kirjan alussa)
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta. Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
This wolfhound century has hurled itself upon my shoulders,
But I have no woolfish blood in my veins.

-Osip Mandelshtam
The time of Hitler arrived; a woolfish century. It was a time when people lived like wolves, and wolves lived like people.

Vasily Grossman
Do not rejoice in his demise, you men, for though the world stood up and stopped the bastard, the bitch that bore him is in heat again.

Berthold Brecht
In the cruel and terrible time in which our generation has been condemned to live on this earth, we must never make peace with evil. We must never become indifferent to others or undemanding of ourselves.

Vasily Grossman
Omistuskirjoitus
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta. Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
With love and admiration to
Yekaterina Vasilievna Zabolotskaya
who inspired Grossman and preserved his precious testimony
Ensimmäiset sanat
Sitaatit
Viimeiset sanat
Erotteluhuomautus
Julkaisutoimittajat
Kirjan kehujat
Tiedot englanninkielisestä Yhteisestä tiedosta. Muokkaa kotoistaaksesi se omalle kielellesi.
Alkuteoksen kieli
Kanoninen DDC/MDS
Kanoninen LCC

Viittaukset tähän teokseen muissa lähteissä.

Englanninkielinen Wikipedia

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"A definitive treatment of one of the Soviet Union's most significant writers."--The Russian Review   Vasily Grossman (1905-64), one of the greatest authors of the twentieth century, served for over 1,000 days with the Red Army as a war correspondent on the Eastern front. He was present during the street-fighting at Stalingrad, and his 1944 report "The Hell of Treblinka," was the first eyewitness account of a Nazi death camp. Though he finished the war as a decorated lieutenant colonel, his epic account of the battle of Stalingrad, Life and Fate, was suppressed by Soviet authorities, and never published in his lifetime. Declared a non-person, Grossman died in obscurity. Only in 1980, with the posthumous publication in Switzerland of Life and Fate was his remarkable novel to gain an international reputation.   This meticulously researched biography by John and Carol Garrard uses archival and unpublished sources that only became available after the collapse of the Soviet Union. A gripping narrative.   "Fascinating . . . gives the reader a very clear insight into the horrors of the War on the Eastern Front . . . For anyone interested either in WWII or Soviet Communism, this book is a must."--R.J. (Dick) Lloyd, author of Three Glorious Years   "Grossman is a sufficiently important Soviet cultural figure to deserve a biography, and through his the Garrards say a good deal about cultural politics, internal repression, and antisemitism in the Soviet Union."--Foreign Affairs

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