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Hitler und Stalin. Parallele Leben Tekijä:…
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Hitler und Stalin. Parallele Leben (alkuperäinen julkaisuvuosi 1991; vuoden 1991 painos)

Tekijä: Alan Bullock

JäseniäKirja-arvostelujaSuosituimmuussijaKeskimääräinen arvioMaininnat
9621021,619 (4.09)65
Dual biography of Hitler and Stalin that includes a history of Germany and the Soviet Union.
Jäsen:udo
Teoksen nimi:Hitler und Stalin. Parallele Leben
Kirjailijat:Alan Bullock
Info:Siedler Verlag (1991), Gebundene Ausgabe
Kokoelmat:Oma kirjasto
Arvio (tähdet):***
Avainsanoja:Deutsche Geschichte, German History, Biography, Biographie, Nationalsozialismus

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Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives (tekijä: Alan Bullock) (1991)

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Näyttää 1-5 (yhteensä 10) (seuraava | näytä kaikki)
This is an excellent book. Bullock does an excellent job in his dual biography of arguably the two people who had the most influence on the 20th century.

Bullock places the two men side by side, sometimes in the same chapter, sometimes in successive chapters, and sometimes at the same time chronologically, while others at the same phase in their lives. By allowing himself the flexibility of switching between these two options, it allows him to compare and contrast these two men.

The other aspect of his work that I really enjoyed was Bullock does engage previous scholarship, and the various ways historians have grappled with understanding both these men and the oppressive systems they created, without it becoming cumbersome. Those that really want to dig into the historical debates can find sources in his notes, while those that really don't want to dig, can read an accessible, if long, one volume work about both Hitler and Stalin. ( )
  LordPetros | Sep 3, 2022 |
No hay analogía más paradójica que la que se da entre dos adversarios irreductibles. Por eso la analogía entre el totalitarismo de Hitler y el de Stalin ha dado lugar a numerosos estudios históricos. Entre ellos destaca este monumental trabajo, obra del gran historiador de Oxford, Alan Bullock, quien tiempo atrás había publicado ya una de las mejores biografías de Hitler. Sin dejarse llevar de teorías ideológicas ni de meras explicaciones psicologistas, Bullock escoge el método narrativo para contar con todo detalle las vidas de los protagonistas, relacionándolas entre sí y colocándolas en su contexto histórico y social. Si otros, como Hannah Arendt, intentaron antes la comparación entre la Alemania nazi y la Rusia de Stalin para delimitar el concepto genérico de totalitarismo, Bullock sigue otro camino: "Mi propósito no consiste en demostrar que ambos fueron ejemplos de una categoría general, sino en utilizar el método comparativo para reflejar el carácter único e individual de cada uno de ellos". Así, de una parte señala las similitudes entre Hitler y Stalin: las frustraciones sufridas al comienzo de su carrera, el creerse investidos de una misión histórica, su insensibilidad frente a los sentimientos humanos... Pero, de otra, muestra sus diferencias. Sus ascensos personales se explican por sus talentos respectivos. En Hitler destacan su habilidad oratoria, su sentido táctico, su capacidad de tomar decisiones audaces con rapidez y cinismo. En Stalin, predomina su talento de conspirador y organizador, que le llevó a hacerse con todos los poderes burocráticos del partido único. En cuanto protagonistas de una época marcada por el terror, ambos comparten una gran responsabilidad histórica: el desencadenamiento de la II Guerra mundial, la instauración de regímenes totalitarios y la comisión de crímenes contra la humanidad. ¿Unos terrores simétricos? Bullock entiende que para Hitler los asesinatos en masa tenían un objetivo biológico -la erradicación de los judíos-, mientras que para Stalin suponían un instrumento de acción política. Pero los resultados se diferenciaron poco.
  Natt90 | Jul 25, 2022 |
Þetta er mögnuð yfirferð yfir líf Stalíns og Hitlers. Alan Bullock lýsir ítarlega uppeldisárum þeirra, hvað markaði þá og hugmyndafræði þeirra. Hvernig Hitler og Stalín komust til valda, hvers vegna þeir snéru bökum saman í upphafi síðari heimsstyrjaldarinnar, hvers vegna þeim lenti saman og að lokum endalokum beggja.
Við lestur bókarinnar heillaðist ég af því hve vönduð og ítarleg frásögn Bullocks er. Hann ber meðal annars saman aðferðir harðstjóranna er þeir hófust til valda, hvernig þeim tókst að verða einræðisherrar og hvernig þeir beittu ógnarvaldi sínu.
Bullock bendir m.a. á að margt var sameiginlegt með þeim. Þeir voru t.a.m. báðir haldnir ofsóknaræði sem lýsti sér í ofsóknum gagnvart ímynduðum óvinum en sömuleiðis voru þeir gerólíkir persónuleikar.
Vel þess virði að kynna sér ritið þótt það sé aðeins farið að eldast, sérstaklega má finna gloppur í upplýsingum um valdatíma Stalíns eftir síðari heimsstyrjöldina, Ultra-njósnir Bandamanna sem gerðu þeim kleift að lesa mestallt dulmál Þjóðverja í heimsstyrjöldinni voru ekki orðnar opinberar þegar Bullock skrifar bókina og misheppnuð stórsókn Rússa í grennd við Moskvu, kostaði þá yfir 300 þúsund manns á sama tíma og þeir sigruðu Þjóðverja við Stalingrad, var þögguð niður af Stalín og hefur einungis nýlega komið upp á yfirborðið. Engu að síður er frásögn Bullocks klassísk og stenst vel tímans tönn. ( )
  SkuliSael | Apr 28, 2022 |
This book made a positive impression when it appeared in 1991. Alan Bullock’s distinguished academic career had been preceded by the publication of his biography of Hitler, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny which was acclaimed from its publication in 1951 as one of the finest explanations of Hitler. Beginning in the 1970s, Bullock became increasingly fascinated by the comparisons between the Nazi and Soviet empires - the irony of the theoretically opposed ideology but often startlingly similar methods, their tense interrelationship and differences as well. Bullock felt that the focus on the West and Germany had resulted in a neglect of the German-Russian axis - an interest in the East that preceded important studies by historians such as Norman Davies, and more recently the even more tightly focussed study of Timothy Snyder in Bloodlands. Bullock’s book returns to Hitler, focussing on a comparison of him and Stalin as the framework for a comparison of the two regimes. It broadens previous attention to political theory in constructing the concept of the Totalitarian state, and takes a less emotionally invested approach to those in the 1980s who attempted a comparison to try and portray the crimes of the Nazi’s as perversely mitigated by the similarities with Soviet Russia (the Historikerstreit or ‘historian’s fight’).
The subtitle is significant - Bullock borrows the concept of “Parallel Lives” from Plutarch, implying similarities but also lines/lives that “never meet or merge”. The structure of the book must have been a challenge. For most of the book he alternates between Hitler/Germany and Stalin/USSR until chapter ten, where the two are compared. Once he reaches a discussion of foreign policy in the 1930s and the period from the Nazi-Soviet pact onwards, the two subjects are dealt with in a more integrated way. This section by its nature flows better and possesses greater coherence however its bedrock is the more individual treatment earlier in the book.
Bullock’s writing is pleasing and flows well, workmanlike and unpretentious. His broad reading is supported by the voluminous amounts of primary research materials released during Perestroika and afterwards, and the 1998 second edition contains extensive updates as well as the usual corrections. The well produced first edition hardback shows a standard of publishing which is certainly becoming rarer now, with well laid out pages and about five noticeable ‘typos’ in a book of almost 1000 pages.
The book balances the elements of historical biography and the necessary context well. It looks at the men on a personal level, although it focusses on the experiences and personal traits which drive their historical actions rather than giving too much about their personal life (thankfully it avoids the dubious realms of pop psychology or obsession with missing testicals etc). The context of the regimes is described well and sufficiently both to describe the men themselves as well as giving a good picture of the politics of the time. There perhaps was some temptation taken to delve a bit more deeply into the tactical and strategic aspects of World War 2 than was strictly necessary although these passages certainly made good reading and provided some good insights. Probably the chapters on World War 2 are those that have dated the most with research over the past twenty years although not to the point of obsolescence.
So what are Mr Bullock’s key arguments? One point of strong comparison between the two men is their dual sense of historical purpose. Each believes they have a destiny as great men, which gives them the confidence and determination to pursue power with great effectiveness. They also both possess incredible natural political instincts. The ability to outsmart and outthink their opponents, to surprise them and where necessary ruthlessly devour them. Both men worked their way up from nowhere, completely dependent on their skills for advancement. Stalin had an added handicap of needing to carefully conceal his ambitions in the context of collective leadership, whereas Hitler was free to develop and exploit the ‘Fuhrer myth’. Both had constraints though, and Stalin’s machinations in the 1920s to gain power without revealing his hand have some similarities with the contortions of Hitler’s commitment to ‘legality’ in coming to power after the failure of the Beer Hall putsch (although the ultimate goal was never concealed).
Stalin’s lowest point, as he was deceived and ultimately humiliated by Hitler is the pivot of the book. It is here that we see the ultimate interaction of the two dictators - Hitler’s strategic brilliance, Stalin’s attempts to buy time. In these pages are one of the most significant factors which will later be telling in the war effort. Yes, Stalin had ripped the heart out of the Red Army (or at least the head) with his purges of the leadership. Hitler and most of Europe didn’t take Russia seriously as a military opponent. However even this did not overcome Hitler’s economic problems. He needed to conquer more territory in order to keep rearming and vice versa. Bullock well points out the Nazi failure to put the full economy on a war footing until surprisingly late in the war, and the lost ground due to competing factions in the Nazi government.
The ensuing war is dealt with well at a strategic and diplomatic level. Hitler’s intervention (positive and negative) in military decisionmaking is well covered, as is Stalin’s halting but steadily improving military oversight after the shock of the initial German invasion.
Bullock carries the story beyond the final destruction of Hitler’s dream, and his descent to paranoia, blame and a sense that for Germany they would ‘all go down together’. The final years of Stalin’s regime just provide further evidence of his brutal and paranoid nature, as well as the lessons he quickly learnt from history in ensuring the best possible East European buffer for the Soviet Union.
Hitler and Stalin is a powerful, detailed book which shows how so many of the central events of the twentieth century revolved around these two men. The ‘great man’ theory of history is widely denigrated, but Bullock’s sound exposition of the facts points out clearly both the centrality of these two men to the regimes they ruled as well as how individual will, belief and drive can powerfully influence world historical events, ones which saw a dramatic change from the long nineteenth century, and an ensuing period where perversely immense Western prosperity sat alongside the repercussions of millions of deaths in two great wars. To those who say history is the product of impersonal forces, Bullock’s book can be seen as a weighty and well argued proof that the opposite can be true, and a powerful warning of the consequences of two men who killed millions and changed the world. ( )
  bevok | Jul 31, 2017 |
Similitudini e differenze tra Hitler e Stalin sono da sempre al'attenzione degli storici, ma nessuno prima di Bullock aveva provato a seguire le biografie dei due dittatori in parallelo. Ne emerge la ricostruzione inedita di un'epoca tragica della nostra storia recente, segnata da rivoluzioni e totalitarismi, ideologie, diplomazia e guerra. ( )
  BiblioLorenzoLodi | Jun 13, 2014 |
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