Ten years after the 1994 genocide--in which an estimated 10 percent of the country's population perished--Rwanda's devastated education system is now back on its feet. Classrooms have been repaired and new ones built; teachers who fled the mayhem have been reintegrated into the teaching force; arrears in teacher pay have been cleared up; a Genocide Fund has been created specifically to assist orphans; and, in higher education, the system has been diversified and new arrangements for student finance have been introduced. This success notwithstanding, the task of transforming the rapid recovery into sustained progress over time has only just begun.A priority will be to ensure that all Rwandan children can complete a full course of primary schooling of reasonable quality; and that expansion at the post-primary levels occurs at a pace commensurate with the labor market's capacity to absorb highly educated job seekers. Achieving this will present tough tradeoffs in financing and service delivery, including combining increased funding for primary education with greater reliance on private financing at other levels; sharper targeting of public subsidies for education; and tighter management of classroom processes to improve student flow and student learning throughout the system.'Education in Rwanda' explores the challenges of sustaining educational progress in a fiscally viable fashion as the country makes the transition from post-conflict recovery to long-term development.