FOSTER WHEELER DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,

ABSTRACT:
This is Foster Wheeler Development Corporation's final report covering the evaluation of tests on Type 316H stainless steel and Incoloy 800 by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) as a part of the program "An Interim Structural Design Standard for Solar Energy Applications," which was conducted from June 1977 to April 1980. Section 1 reviews the background and task description of the program. Section 2 describes the details of analyses. The results of evaluation of ANL tests are discussed in Section 3. The creep ratcheting strain of the zero-hold-time tests was predicted by using the "book" and actual hardened material properties as measured from the tests. The mean stress shift for uniaxial strain cycling with hold-times in one direction was studied. An elastic-plastic-creep analysis was conducted for each hold-time test to determine the stress range and the extent of creep ratcheting by using the "book" and actual hardened material properties. The creep-fatigue life of each ANL test was determined analytically by using the ASME Code. All the results were compared to the experimental data of the ANL tests. The general conclusions for the study are as follows:

• Accurate determination of the creep law in the primary creep regime is important for the consideration of creep ratcheting
• In the cases of a biaxial stress field, the analysis using material properties as determined by tests on uniaxial specimen do not necessarily yield a conservative estimate of creep ratcheting strain.
• The mean stress shift observed in the analysis was small. This was less than 10% of the stress range for all cases.
• An estimate of creep-fatigue damage at failure of all tests approximately follows the bilinear interaction curve for Type 316H Stainless Steel and the linear interaction curve for Incoloy 800. The factor of safety over the fatigue damage as determined by ASME Code was between 4 and 20 for Type 316H stainless steel and between 8 and 50 for Incoloy 800.… (lisätietoja)

ABSTRACT:
A conceptual design for a 10-MWe Heat Pipe Central Receiver Gas-Turbine Power Plant has been developed. The heat pipe central solar receiver uses heat pipes to transform the concentrated high solar heat flux at the receiver into a lower heat flux compatible with gas heat-transfer systems. Several Brayton cycles were studied to determine which cycles and operating conditions are technically and economically most viable for a central receiver power plant. A regenerative open-gas cycle with an inlet turbine temperature of 816°C (1500°F) was selected.

The turbine-generator and receiver are located at the top of a steel tower, with a north field of 2-axis tracking heliostats. The system can be adapted for operation as a hybrid plant, providing a higher level of availability and a dependable generating capacity--important considerations from the utility point of view.

The predicted cycle efficiency is 33 to 38 percent, and the overall solar-to-electric efficiency is 19.1 to 22.3 percent. Capital cost of the plant is estimated to be in the $1,947 to $2,002/kW range, depending on the assumed cost for the collector system. Compared with a water/steam solar system, estimated costs in mid-1978 dollars are lower and plant efficiency is superior.… (lisätietoja)

ABSTRACT:
In September 1978 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation (FWDC) began work on a three-phase project to design, construct, and operate a solar process steam plant for The Dow Chemical Company's latex manufacturing plant in Dalton, Georgia. The primary objective of Phase 1, completed in September 1979, was to design a cost-effective solar steam generating system. Phase 2--Fabrication and Installation began in October 1979 and was completed in November 1981. Phase 3--Operation and Performance Evaluation began in December 1981, and the results of that phase are presented in this report. Specifically, a summary of the operation, including incidents, experience, and insights, is presented along with a complete record of system performance, operating and maintenance activities, and cost.

The solar steam generating system utilizes a heat-transfer loop to deliver a hot organic fluid (Dowtherm LF) from the solar collectors to a heat exchanger where steam is generated. The fluid is then recirculated to the collectors by a centrifugal pump. As it passes through the tubes of the heat exchanger, the hot Dowtherm furnishes the heat required to convert boiler feedwater from the existing plant into saturated steam at 1.03 MPa gage (150 lb/in^2g). At peak heat absorption, 0.19 kg/s (1500 lb/h) steam would be produced. The temperature and pressure of the boiler feedwater are 96°C (205°F) and 1.30 MPa gage (190 lb/in^2g).… (lisätietoja)

ABSTRACT:
The specification defines the requirements and operating characteristics of a solar-powered process steam generating system that is proposed as a retrofit installation at the 92 dm 1/s (50,000 barrels per day) Provident Energy Company (PEC) oil refinery in Mobile, Arizona. The referenced refinery is presently in a design engineering phase and is scheduled for an early 1984 start-up. The oil refinery will consume 4.14 MPa gage (600 lb/in 2g), 371°C (700°F) superheated steam at a yearly average rate of 21.4 kg/s (170,000 lb/h). The proposed solar retrofit will supply 20 percent of the refinery's yearly steam requirements, and it will operate in parallel with three fossil-fired boilers that will meet the balance of the steam requirements for the plant.… (lisätietoja)