Daidōji Yūzan (1639–1730)

> Babelio : https://www.babelio.com/livres/Taira-Code-dhonneur-du-samourai/181277

> LE CODE D'HONNEUR DU SAMOURAÏ, par Thomas Cleary - Ed. du Rocher. — Le Code d'honneur du Samouraï, dont le titre japonais, Bushidô Shoshinshû, pourrait être traduit par "Le Bushidô pour les débutants", fut rédigé à l'intention des guerriers novices de cette ère nouvelle. Son auteur, Taira Shigésuké, était un érudit confucéen et un expert militaire, né en 1639, un an après l'instauration de la politique de "fermeture du pays". Il mourut en 1730, et vécut donc pendant la période de plus haute prospérité de la Pax Tokugawa. Ecrit cinquante ans après l'instauration du pouvoir militaire, ce manuel était conçu pour l'instruction pratique et morale des guerriers, afin de corriger leurs penchants capricieux et d'esquisser un modèle de comportement personnel, social et professionnel fondé sur le bushidô, la "voie du guerrier", autrement dit la tradition de la chevalerie japonaise.
Le Code d'honneur du Samouraï, en présentant comme il le fait une tradition centrale et ancienne de prestige et de pouvoir, offre un miroir remarquablement fidèle des caractéristiques et des usages de la civilisation japonaise moderne. Responsabilités personnelles, relations familiales, devoirs publics, éducation, finance, éthique, etc. - tous les aspects de la vie, et bien plus, sont évoqués dans ce texte selon le point de vue de l'esprit guerrier propre à la chevalerie japonaise.
—Infos Yoga, (32), Mars/Avril 2001, (p. 32)… (lisätietoja)

from dust jacket

Code of the Samurai is a four-hundred-year-old explication of the rules and expectations embodied in bushido, the Japanese Way of the Warrior, which has played a major role n shaping the behavior of modern Japanese government, corporations, society, and individuals, as well as in shaping the modern martial arts within Japan and internationally. The Japanese original of this book, Bushido Shoshinshu, has been one of the prime sources on the tenets of Bushido, a way of thought that remains fascinating and relevent to the modern world, East and West. With a clear, conversational narrative by Thomas Cleary, one of the foremost translators of the wisdom of Asia, and powerfully evocative line drawings by master illustrator Oscar Ratti, this book is indispensable to the corporate executive, student of Asian culture, and martial artist.

Thomas Cleary is the translator of Opening the Dragon Gate by Ckhen Kaiguo and Zheng Shunchao and The Story of Chinese Zen by Nan Huai-Chin, both form Tuttle, as well as The Art of War by Sun Tzu, The Book of Five Rings by iyamoto Musashi, The Japanese Art of War, and dozens of other titles on martial philosophy, Buddhism, Taoism, religion, philosophy, and motivation. He was born in 1949, and lives in Oakland, California.

Oscar Ratti is the author, with Adele Westbrook, of Aikido and the Dynamic Sphere and Secrets of the Samurai: The Martial Arts of Feudal Japan, and a frequent contributor of artwork and essay to major publications. Born in Italy, he has for many years made his home in New York City.

Contents

Introduction by Thomas Cleary
Part I-General Discussion; Education; Familial Duty; Principles of Warriors; Not Forgetting Combat; Monk-Warriors; Right and Wrong; The Valiant; Courtesy and Respect; Horsemanship; Army Principles and Combat Principles
Part II-Managing the Home; Relatives; Frugality; House Building; Military Equipment; Equipping Subordinates; Warriors; Modesty; Choosing Friends; Friendly Relations; Severing Relations; Fame; Big Talk and Criticism; Travel; Warning Against Backbiting; Guardianship; Facing Death
Part III-Service; Vassalage; Military Service; Discretion; Verbal Expression; Family Histories; Escort; Officials; Borrowing Authority and Stealing Authority; Exactions; Watch Commanders and Sluperintendents; Laziness; Dealing with Emergencies; Self-Expression; Dying Loyalty; Cultural Refinement… (lisätietoja)

El código del samurái es un tratado de cuatro siglos de antigüedad acerca de las reglas y expectativas que encarna el bushido, el japonés camino del guerrero, que ha tenido un papel fundamental a la hora de conformar el comportamiento del gobierno, las empresas, la sociedad y los individuos del Japón actual, así como en las artes marciales modernas, tanto en Japón como en el resto del mundo.

El texto origional japonés de este libro, el Bushido shoshinshu, ha sido una de las principales fuentes sobre los principios del bushido, una forma de pensamiento que sigue siendo fascinante e importante para el mundo moderno, oriental y occidental. Gracias al estilo coloquial y claro de Thomas Cleary, uno de los más importantes traductores de la sabiduría oriental, y a las poderosas y evocadoras ilustraciones de Oscar Ratti, este libro resulta indispensable tanto para el empresario, como para los estudiantes de la cultura oriental y los practicantes de artes marciales.… (lisätietoja)

Has there ever been a society more stunted and repressed than feudal Japan? The concept of 'bushido', outlined here by Taira Shigesuke (1639-1730) and translated by Thomas Cleary, was key to this retardation. It preaches complete and utter deference and obedience in both mind and body to one's betters and to one's society. A warrior, we are told, "cannot fulfil his duties as long as he considers his body and life his own" (pg. 67); a "loyal" and proper follower of the bushido code "knows he has an overlord; he doesn't know he has a self" (pg. 82). The book is not even well-written; it is an instruction manual with no poetry at all in the prose or the message it is communicating.

It is a code obsessed with how others perceive you, whether your minor error in etiquette has brought eternal shame on you, your family and your ancestors. Followers of bushido must avoid sexual feelings (pg. 23), avoid associating with others "casually just for a good time or a congenial conversation" (pg. 48) and be "ever deferential" (pg. 82). You must do your duty: you have no right to express dissatisfaction (pg. 90). And, even if you do all this, it is all for nothing if you don't die well. For on page 60, we are told:

"The foremost concern of a warrior, no matter what his rank, is how he will behave at the moment of his death. No matter how eloquent and intelligent you may normally seem to be, if you lose composure on the brink of death and die in an unseemly manner, your previous good conduct will all be in vain, and you will be looked down upon by serious people. This is a very disgraceful thing."

It is this obsession with death (right from page one, we are told that one must "keep death in mind at all times") rather than the enjoyment of life which makes the concept of bushido so contemptible. It is an uncompromisingly outward-looking philosophy, focusing on small matters of how you are perceived by others rather than on developing self-respect and contentment. It is fascistic, enforcing a strict caste system based on martial strength where a select few have complete power and other entire groups are no better than dogs: a system ripe for abuse and atrocity (as of course, history proves was the case). In one particularly appalling passage on page 90, in a section entitled 'Dying Loyally', we are informed that "Knights in service are so very favoured by their overlord that there is no way for them to requite their debt." In other words, the sun shines out of the arses of your betters, and the very fact that they have allowed you to devote yourself completely to them is an honour which you can never repay. Read this book as a curiosity, if you like, but only to realise just how willingly people can debase themselves.… (lisätietoja)