Judith Butler (1) (1956–)

O título original deste livro de Judith Butler – Frames of War: When is Life Grievable? – utiliza o termo “frames”, traduzido para o português como “molduras”. Assim como no cinema, na tela, no enquadramento que é dado a determinada cena, “as molduras pelas quais apreendemos [...] são em si mesmas operações de poder”. Seu objetivo, de acordo com Butler, é “delimitar a esfera de aparição enquanto tal. Por outro lado, o problema é ontológico, visto que a pergunta em questão é: O que é uma vida?”.
Uma vida específica só pode ser considerada lesada ou perdida se, primeiro, for considerada viva. “Se certas vidas não são qualificadas como vidas ou se, desde o começo, não são concebíveis como vidas de acordo com certos enquadramentos epistemológicos, então essas vidas nunca serão vividas nem perdidas no sentido pleno dessas palavras”.… (lisätietoja)

Constituye una lúcida crítica a la idea esencialista de que las identidades de género son inmutables y encuentran su arraigo en la naturaleza, en el cuerpo o en una heterosexualidad normativa y obligatoria. Esta obra interdisciplinaria que se inscribe simultáneamente en la filosofía, la antropología, la teoría literaria y el psicoanálisis es deudora de un prolongado acercamiento de la autora al feminismo teórico, a los debates sobre el carácter socialmente construido del género, al psicoanálisis, a los estudios pioneros sobre el travestismo, y también a su activa participación en movimientos defensores de la diversidad sexual.… (lisätietoja)

Honestly, I hate postmodernist academic language. Its completely uneccessary, elitist, and designed to enrage and obfuscate. Its edgelord stuff for the educated. It covers up lack up knowledge or meaning with difficult language, meaning that most of us have to read and reread each sentence, trying to tease out meaning and understand what the writer is saying. If you don't understand it, you assume that you aren't clever enough. But there is no need to write like this, its just showing off. Very few concepts require impenetrable language, and the struggle with most of those concepts is making it accessible. Only a handful of humanities subjects aim for inaccessibility and they all have one thing in common - the requirement that the subject is not studied too closely. I spent two nights reading this book, got most of the way through chapter one, and then tossed it away. The problems are twofold. Firstly, content. Big claims require big evidence, and Butler makes lots of big claims but provides no evidence whatsoever (unless this is done later on). Whats more, the claims are made in a way that enables the author to deny that they are claims, rather they could be rhetorical statements, philosopher's questions. But claims they are, and there were three main claims I disagreed with: that gender is completely disconnected from biological sex and always has been; that feminist philosophy is actually anti-feminist because it doesn't realise this and in fact is evil and stupid because by insisting that gender is a cultural construction applied to people perceived to be of one or other sex it actually creates an oppressive gender role for women; and that there is actually no such thing as biological sex. The third of these is particularly interesting because I had a conversation with a friend a while back where I said that those of our comrades who kept saying things like biological sex isn't real were a great recruiting ground for the far right, and was told that no-one said biological sex wasn't real and that this was a terf meme that told lies about us. But here we are. So, because of the second bit problem with this book, I tossed it aside. The second big problem is that it is unreadably difficult unless you're a big brain. If it had been easier to read I would have carried on reading it to learn if any of these claims are taken back, amended, or evidence provided. Perhaps anyone reading this review could let me know if they care enough. Life is too short to read difficult nonsense. Perhaps I need a beginner's guide!… (lisätietoja)